A linux command to monitor the system process consuming resources on the server. If you are working on a linux system it is good to have at least basic understanding of this command.
ps program or command when run take a snapshot of running processes at that time and display on the terminal which can be used to analyse the system performance or identify any problematic process which can be a risk for system.
ps Command:
When we run simple ps command, it will display very basic information -
$ ps PID TTY TIME CMD 22396 pts/0 00:00:00 su 22402 pts/0 00:00:00 bash 22417 pts/0 00:00:00 su 22420 pts/0 00:00:00 bash 23332 pts/0 00:00:00 ps
PID - process id
TTY - terminal in which process is running
TIME - total cpu time taken till now
CMD - command
Let's try with one argument -f (full)
$ ps -f UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 22396 22377 0 09:49 pts/0 00:00:00 su root 22402 22396 0 09:49 pts/0 00:00:00 bash root 22417 22402 0 09:50 pts/0 00:00:00 su root 22420 22417 0 09:50 pts/0 00:00:00 bash root 23337 22420 0 11:02 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -f
this output is display with some more information -
UID - process owner user id
STIME - process start time
Let's play with some argument and see what will be the output look like -
$ ps -ef
atul 7585 1 0 18:29 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/gvfsd-http --spawner :1.7 /org/gtk/gvfs/exec_spaw/2
root 16991 1 0 Dec04 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/bluetoothd --udev
atul 17099 1 0 Dec04 ? 00:09:26 /usr/lib64/firefox/firefox
atul 22246 1 0 19:28 ? 00:00:05 gnome-terminal
atul 22248 22246 0 19:28 ? 00:00:00 gnome-pty-helper
atul 22377 22246 0 19:35 pts/0 00:00:00 bash
root 22396 22377 0 19:35 pts/0 00:00:00 su
root 22402 22396 0 19:35 pts/0 00:00:00 bash
root 22417 22402 0 19:35 pts/0 00:00:00 su
root 22420 22417 0 19:35 pts/0 00:00:00 bash
atul 22937 1 0 20:06 ? 00:00:00 gedit
root 23282 1899 0 20:47 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/hald-addon-rfkill-killswitch
root 24348 1810 0 22:07 ? 00:00:00 /sbin/dhclient -d -4 -sf /usr/libexec/nm-dhcp-client.action -pf /var/run/dhclient-eth1.pid -lf /var/lib/dhclient/dhclient-e738be73-e337-4f64-865e-aa936ac77c14-eth1.lease -cf /var/run/nm-dhclient-eth1.conf eth1
atul 27098 1236 2 22:23 ? 00:00:00 /usr/lib/rstudio-server/bin/rsession -u atul
root 27112 1 0 22:23 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/fprintd
All process
To see all processes on the system (along with the command line arguments used to start each process) you could use:
$ ps aux
Processes for User
To see all processes for a particular user (along with the command line arguments for each process) you could use:
$ ps U <username> u
$ ps U atul u
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
atul 2695 0.0 0.0 229128 672 ? Sl Dec03 0:00 /usr/bin/gnome-keyring-daemon --daemonize --login
atul 2705 0.0 0.1 253264 1888 ? Ssl Dec03 0:01 gnome-session
atul 2713 0.0 0.0 20040 128 ? S Dec03 0:00 dbus-launch --sh-syntax --exit-with-session
atul 2714 0.0 0.1 32476 1356 ? Ssl Dec03 0:01 /bin/dbus-daemon --fork --print-pid 5 --print-address 7 --session
atul 2732 0.0 0.3 133360 3636 ? S Dec03 0:06 /usr/libexec/gconfd-2
atul 2740 0.0 0.3 507280 3408 ? Ssl Dec03 0:26 /usr/libexec/gnome-settings-daemon
atul 2741 0.0 0.1 286220 1624 ? Ss Dec03 0:00 seahorse-daemon
atul 2746 0.0 0.0 137388 844 ? S Dec03 0:00 /usr/libexec/gvfsd
atul 2760 0.0 0.5 447048 5116 ? Sl Dec03 0:25 metacity
atul 2767 0.0 0.7 502416 7600 ? Sl Dec03 0:34 gnome-panel
atul 2769 0.0 0.3 450232 3156 ? S<sl Dec03 0:35 /usr/bin/pulseaudio --start --log-target=syslog
atul 2772 0.0 0.0 94828 252 ? S Dec03 0:00 /usr/libexec/pulse/gconf-helper
atul 2773 0.0 5.6 1199004 57544 ? Sl Dec03 1:18 nautilus
atul 2775 0.0 0.0 696412 256 ? Ssl Dec03 0:00 /usr/libexec/bonobo-activation-server --ac-activate --ior-output-fd=18
atul 2778 0.0 0.2 30400 2212 ? S Dec03 0:00 /usr/sbin/restorecond -u
atul 2783 0.0 0.4 469076 4244 ? Sl Dec03 0:02 gpk-update-icon
atul 2786 0.0 0.0 146404 900 ? S Dec03 0:00 /usr/libexec/gvfs-gdu-volume-monitor
atul 2787 0.0 0.2 375072 2924 ? S Dec03 0:00 gnome-volume-control-applet
atul 2788 0.0 0.5 331480 5988 ? S Dec03 0:48 /usr/libexec/wnck-applet --oaf-activate-iid=OAFIID:GNOME_Wncklet_Factory --oaf-ior-fd=18
atul 2789 0.0 0.2 476996 2900 ? Sl Dec03 0:00 /usr/libexec/trashapplet --oaf-activate-iid=OAFIID:GNOME_Panel_TrashApplet_Factory --oaf-ior-fd=24
Process tree
A process tree shows the child/parent relationships between processes. (When a process spawns another process, the spawned is called a child process while the other is the parent)
$ ps afjx
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